टीका

Commentary

Bhagavad Gita 13:7 completes the enumeration of the field that began in verse 6. While verse 6 listed the material elements, senses, and their objects, verse 7 adds the psychological and experiential dimensions — desire, hatred, pleasure, pain, the assembled body, awareness, and determination. Together, these two verses present a complete map of everything that constitutes the material field.

The Psychological Elements

Desire (ichchhaa) and hatred (dvesha) are the two fundamental emotional movements of the conditioned soul. Every interaction with the material world generates either attraction (I want this) or aversion (I reject this). These are not qualities of the soul itself but products of the field — responses generated by the material mind and senses in contact with the world.

Happiness (sukham) and distress (duhkham) are the experiential results of fulfilled or frustrated desire. They are temporary states, rising and falling like waves. The Gita consistently teaches that one who is anchored in self-knowledge remains steady through both.

The Aggregate and Its Qualities

Sanghaata — the aggregate, the assembled physical body — represents the total combination of all the listed elements into a functioning organism. The body is not a single thing but a composite, a temporary assembly that will eventually dissolve back into its constituent elements.

Chetanaa — consciousness as manifested through the body. This is the life symptom, the awareness that pervades a living body and distinguishes it from a dead one. It is the reflection of the soul’s consciousness through the material medium.

Dhriti — conviction, steadfastness, perseverance. This psychological quality enables sustained effort and is itself a product of the material modes of nature, varying in character depending on whether it arises from goodness, passion, or ignorance.

Savikaaram — With Modifications

Krishna concludes by saying this entire field has been described savikaaram — “along with its modifications.” The body undergoes six changes: it is born, it grows, it sustains itself, it produces offspring, it decays, and it is destroyed. All of these transformations belong to the field, not to the knower. The field is impermanent by nature; the knower remains distinct from it.