Abhisandhaaya tu phalam dambhaartham api chaiva yat | Ijyate Bharatashreshtha tam yajnam viddhi raajasam ||12||
Translation
But that sacrifice which is performed for the sake of some material benefit, or for pride and ostentation, O best of the Bharatas — know that to be rajasic (in the mode of passion).
Word-by-Word Meaning
अभिसन्धाय
having in view/desiring
तु
but
फलम्
the fruit/result
दम्भार्थम्
for the sake of pride/ostentation
अपि
also
च
and
एव
certainly
यत्
that which
इज्यते
is performed
भरतश्रेष्ठ
O best of the Bharatas
तम्
that
यज्ञम्
sacrifice
विद्धि
know
राजसम्
in the mode of passion
Commentary
Commentary
In contrast to sattvic sacrifice, which is performed selflessly as a matter of duty, rajasic sacrifice is motivated by two things: desire for results (phalam) and desire for prestige (dambhaartham).
Sometimes sacrifices and rituals are performed with the aim of reaching heavenly planets, or for some material benefit. Such rituals, performed for material gain, are considered rajasic. The performer calculates what they will receive in return — whether it is celestial rewards, worldly prosperity, or social recognition.
Dambhaartham means “for the sake of show.” Some people perform elaborate worship or charity not out of genuine devotion but to be seen and admired by others. They want to be known as great devotees or generous patrons. This desire for reputation transforms what could have been a purifying act into a rajasic one.
The results of rajasic sacrifice are temporary and binding. Whatever benefits are gained — whether heavenly pleasures or earthly rewards — are fleeting. They last only for a limited time before the performer must return to the cycle of action and consequence. Only sattvic sacrifice, performed without selfish motive, leads to genuine spiritual progress and lasting freedom.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What does Bhagavad Gita 17.12 mean?
- But that sacrifice which is performed for the sake of some material benefit, or for pride and ostentation, O best of the Bharatas — know that to be rajasic (in the mode of passion).
- What is the Sanskrit text of Bhagavad Gita 17.12?
- The original Sanskrit verse is: Abhisandhaaya tu phalam dambhaartham api chaiva yat | Ijyate Bharatashreshtha tam yajnam viddhi raajasam ||12||
- What are the key themes of this verse?
- This verse explores: sacrifice, rajas, pride, ostentation, materialism.