Pitaaham-asya jagato maataa dhaataa pitaamahah | Vedyam pavitram-onkaara riksaamam yajur-eva cha ||17||
Translation
I am the father of this universe, the mother, the sustainer, and the grandfather. I am the object of knowledge, the purifier, the syllable Om, and also the Rig, Sama, and Yajur Vedas.
Word-by-Word Meaning
पिता
the father
अहम्
I am
अस्य
of this
जगतः
universe
माता
the mother
धाता
the sustainer/supporter
पितामहः
the grandfather
वेद्यम्
that which is to be known
पवित्रम्
the purifier
ओंकारः
the syllable Om
ऋक्
the Rig Veda
साम
the Sama Veda
यजुः
the Yajur Veda
एव
certainly
च
and
Commentary
Commentary
From the elements of sacrifice, Krishna now expands to the most intimate relationships and the highest knowledge. He is not only the ritual — He is the family. He is not only the offering — He is the knowledge itself.
The Divine Family
Pitaa — father. Maataa — mother. Pitaamahah — grandfather. Dhaataa — the sustainer, the one who supports and nourishes. Krishna claims every parental role simultaneously. He is not the distant creator who set the world in motion and walked away. He is the father who provides, the mother who nurtures, the grandfather who blesses, the sustainer who keeps everything alive.
This is extraordinarily personal. The entire cosmos is a family, and Krishna is every elder in it.
Vedyam — The Object of All Knowledge
Vedyam — that which is to be known. Whatever we seek to learn, the ultimate destination of all knowledge is Krishna. The Vedas seek to know Him. The scientists who study nature are, unknowingly, studying His energies. Every inquiry, pursued deeply enough, leads to the Divine.
Onkara — The Sacred Syllable
Onkaara — Om, the primordial sound. In all four Vedas — Rig, Yajur, Sama, and Atharva — Om is the central syllable, the pranava, the divine vibration. Since Om is present in all Vedic mantras, and since Om is Krishna, all Vedic chanting is ultimately a glorification of the Divine.
The Three Vedas
Krishna specifically names the Rig, Sama, and Yajur Vedas. These three contain the hymns, the melodies, and the ritual procedures that form the backbone of Vedic civilization. Krishna is all of them — not as an abstraction, but as the living reality that the Vedas seek to express. The goal of the Vedas is to know Krishna, and what they naturally purify is the consciousness that seeks Him.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What does Bhagavad Gita 9.17 mean?
- I am the father of this universe, the mother, the sustainer, and the grandfather. I am the object of knowledge, the purifier, the syllable Om, and also the Rig, Sama, and Yajur Vedas.
- What is the Sanskrit text of Bhagavad Gita 9.17?
- The original Sanskrit verse is: Pitaaham-asya jagato maataa dhaataa pitaamahah | Vedyam pavitram-onkaara riksaamam yajur-eva cha ||17||
- What are the key themes of this verse?
- This verse explores: divine parenthood, Om, Vedas, omnipresence, creation, knowledge.