टीका

Commentary

This verse is the portrait of the mahatma in action. If verse 13 told us who the great souls are, verse 14 tells us what they do. And what they do is beautifully simple: they chant, they strive, they bow, and they worship — always.

Satatam Keertayantah — The Constant Song

Satatam — always, without interruption. Keertayantah — glorifying, singing the praises of. The mahatma is always engaged in keertan — not necessarily in the musical sense alone, but in the broader sense of constantly speaking about, remembering, and celebrating the Divine. When a question arises, the mahatma speaks of God’s holy names, His eternal form, His divine qualities, and His extraordinary pastimes. All of these are to be glorified.

This is the hallmark: the great soul has no other business. They are occupied with the glory of God.

Dridha-Vratah — Firm Determination

Dridha-vrataah means “of firm vows” or “with steadfast determination.” Bhakti is not merely a feeling — it involves commitment. There are specific practices that require dedication: observing Ekadashi, fasting on the Lord’s appearance days, following the regulations laid down by the great teachers. The mahatma follows these not as burdens but as natural expressions of love.

Namasyantah — The Act of Bowing

Namasyantah — offering obeisances, bowing down. This is the physical expression of inner surrender. The body follows where the heart leads. The mahatma bows — not from weakness, but from the overwhelming recognition of the Divine’s greatness and one’s own relationship to it.

The Complete Picture

This verse, together with the previous one, gives us the complete picture of devotion as described in this chapter’s second verse: it can be practiced joyfully, it is not austere penance. One can be a householder, a renunciant, or a student — in any condition of life, one can practice devotion to the Lord and become truly a mahatma.